Trends of Bond Angle || VSEPR Theory || Bond pair-bond pair Repulsions || Lone Pair #Shorts

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Издатель Oct 8, 2023

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H-M-H bond angle in the hydrides of nitrogen family: -
The hydrides of nitrogen family are NH3, PH3, AsH3, SbH3, and BiH3. - These hydrides have a pyramidal shape, with the central atom surrounded by three hydrogen atoms. All these adopts sp3 hybridization.
In all the hydrides MH3, the central element is in the sp3 state of hybridization leading to pyramidal geometry with one position occupied by a lone-pair of electrons. The contraction of bond-angle in NH3 from the ideal tetrahedral value (109° 28′) results from the greater lp-bp repulsion over bp-bp repulsion where the former is responsible for squeezing the bond-angle from the ideal value
The H-M-H bond angle in these hydrides decreases on going from NH3 to SbH3 - The H-M-H bond angle in NH3 is 107°, while in SbH3, it is 91.8°.
Reason for the gradual decrease in H-M-H bond angle: - The decrease in H-M-H bond angle is due to the increase in the size of the central atom from N to Sb. - As we move down the group, the size of the central atom increases, and the bond angle decreases. - This is because the larger size of the central atom causes the bond pairs of electrons to spread out more, resulting in a decrease in the bond angle.

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