what is isotopes, Isobars and isotones ? #elements #atomicstructure #basicchemistry

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Издатель Sep 10, 2023

what is isotopes, Isobars and isotones ? #elements #atomicstructure #basicchemistry

Isotopes, isobars, and isotones are terms used in basic chemistry to describe different aspects of atomic structure and the properties of atoms. Let's break down each of these concepts:

1. Isotopes:
- Isotopes are atoms of the same chemical element that have the same number of protons (which defines the element) but different numbers of neutrons.
- Since the number of protons determines the element's identity, isotopes of the same element will have the same atomic number. However, they will have different atomic masses due to the varying number of neutrons.
- For example, carbon has two stable isotopes: carbon-12 (12C) with 6 protons and 6 neutrons and carbon-13 (13C) with 6 protons and 7 neutrons.

2. Isobars:
- Isobars are atoms of different elements that have the same total number of nucleons, which are the particles found in an atomic nucleus. Nucleons include protons and neutrons.
- Isobars have different atomic numbers, so they belong to different chemical elements, but they share the same mass number.
- An example of isobars is calcium-40 (40Ca) with 20 protons and 20 neutrons and argon-40 (40Ar) with 18 protons and 22 neutrons. Both have a mass number of 40.

3. Isotones:
- Isotones are atoms that have the same number of neutrons but belong to different chemical elements.
- Unlike isotopes, which have the same number of protons, isotones share the same number of neutrons.
- Isotones typically have different atomic numbers and atomic masses because the number of protons differs.
- An example of isotones is chlorine-37 (37Cl) with 17 protons and 20 neutrons and potassium-39 (39K) with 19 protons and 20 neutrons. Both have 20 neutrons but belong to different elements.

In summary:
- Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
- Isobars have the same total number of nucleons (protons + neutrons) but belong to different elements with different atomic numbers.
- Isotones have the same number of neutrons but belong to different chemical elements with different atomic numbers.

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